Structured natural language representations

ABSTRACT

In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a computing device may identify a prompt associated with an automated dialog application. An application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. The application expectation may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt. The computing device may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt, populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with at least a portion of the natural language input, and may respond to the application expectation using the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to natural language understanding. Specifically, this disclosure relates to computer systems that respond to application expectations of an automated dialog application using structured natural language representations.

BACKGROUND

Automated dialog systems are utilized to manipulate data based on natural language input (e.g., utterances spoken by a user). Such systems conventionally represent data in at least three ways: a natural language representation, representing the meaning of the natural language input (or spoken utterances); a data storage representation, representing the corresponding data in programmatic form; and a representation in the programming language, representing the data for utilization and manipulation by the underlying application(s). These representations are conventionally designed in isolation from one another, and thus logical gaps exist between them. One approach to bridging these gaps is to flatten the natural language representation (e.g., by mapping it out into key-value pair associations). For example, this approach is employed by the Voice Extensible Markup Language (VXML) standards. This flatting approach, however, leads to poor representations, placing the burden of reconstructing the information structure on the underlying application(s).

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure. The following summary merely presents some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the description below.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, a computing device may identify a prompt associated with an automated dialog application. An application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. The application expectation may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt. The computing device may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt, populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with at least a portion of the natural language input, and may respond to the application expectation using the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation.

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise a scalar structured natural language representation. In such embodiments, the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include at least one data field configured for a text string, and populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and populating the at least one data field configured for the text string with the input text string. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include at least one data field configured for a numerical value, and populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and populating the at least one data field configured for the numerical value with the input numerical value.

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise a list structured natural language representation. The list structured natural language representation may comprise a plurality of structured natural language representations of a common type. In such embodiments, the at least a portion of the natural language input may include a first portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type and a second portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type. Populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include populating one or more fields of a first structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representations of the common type with the first portion of natural language input, and populating one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representation of the common type with the second portion of natural language input.

In some embodiments, the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation may be configured for a text string, and the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation may also be configured for a text string. In such embodiments, populating the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation may include converting the first portion of the natural language input to a first input text string, and populating the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation with the first input text string, and populating the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation may include converting the second portion of the natural language input to a second input text string, and populating the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation with the second input text string. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation may be configured for a numerical value, and the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation may be configured for a numerical value. In such embodiments, populating the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation may include converting the first portion of the natural language input to a first input numerical value, and populating the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation with the first input numerical value, and populating the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation may include converting the second portion of the natural language input to a second input numerical value, and populating the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation with the second input numerical value.

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise a hierarchical structured natural language representation. The hierarchical structured natural language representation may comprise a plurality of different structured natural language representations and one or more attributes. The one or more attributes may interrelate the plurality of different structured natural language representations.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more attributes may indicate that a first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is a subtype of a second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations. In such embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations, and populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include populating one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations. In some embodiments, the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may be configured for a text string, and populating the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and populating the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations with the input text string. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may be configured for a numerical value, and populating the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and populating the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations with the input numerical value.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more attributes may indicate that a first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations comprises a second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations. In such embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations, and populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation may include populating one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations. In some embodiments, the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may be configured for a text string, and populating the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and populating the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations with the input text string. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may be configured for a numerical value, and populating the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations may include converting the at least a portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and populating the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations with the input numerical value.

In some embodiments, responding to the application expectation may include passing data stored in the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation to the automated dialog application. Additionally or alternatively, responding to the application expectation may include altering a database table utilized by the automated dialog application to reflect data stored in the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation.

Other details and features will be described in the sections that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. Features of the disclosure will become more apparent upon a review of this disclosure in its entirety, including the drawing figures provided herewith.

Some features herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements, and wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative computing device for responding to application expectations of an automated dialog application using structured natural language representations in accordance with one or more example embodiments;

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a structured natural language representation in accordance with one or more example embodiments;

FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a list structured natural language representation in accordance with one or more example embodiments;

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a hierarchical structured natural language representation with a subtype attribute in accordance with one or more example embodiments; and

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a hierarchical structured natural language representation with a constituent attribute in accordance with one or more example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description of various illustrative embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, various embodiments in which aspects of the disclosure may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural and functional modifications may be made, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

It is noted that various connections between elements are discussed in the following description. It is noted that these connections are general and, unless specified otherwise, may be direct or indirect, wired or wireless, and that the specification is not intended to be limiting in this respect.

FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative computing device for responding to application expectations of an automated dialog application using structured natural language representations in accordance with one or more example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1, computing device 100 may be any type of computing device (or combination thereof) capable of performing the functions described herein. For example, computing device 100 may be a server, server blade, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, smart phone, mobile device, or the like. Computing device 100 may include processor(s) 102 and memory 104. Data bus 106 may interconnect processor(s) 102 and memory 104, and may support intercommunication between processor(s) 102 and memory 104. Memory 104 may include one or more program modules comprising executable instructions that when executed by processor(s) 102 cause (or configure) computing device 100 to perform one or more functions described herein. For example, memory 104 may include NLU module 108 and automated dialog application module 110. NLU module 108 may include executable instructions associated with disassembling and/or parsing natural language input (e.g., utterances spoken by a user of computing device 100), and communicating data representative of the natural language input (or portions thereof) to automated dialog application module 110. Automated dialog application module 110 may include instructions associated with one or more supported automated dialog applications that generate prompts (e.g., audio prompts), process responses to the prompts (e.g., data received from NLU module 108 representative of responses), and/or manipulate data (e.g., underlying application data) based on the responses. In some embodiments, memory 104 may also include associated database(s) 112. Associated database(s) 112 may include one or more data structures (e.g., tables) storing information associated with automated dialog application module 110 (or one or more applications associated therewith).

Automated dialog application module 110 may identify a prompt associated with a supported automated dialog application. The prompt may be associated with application expectation(s) 114 comprising a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt. Automated dialog application module 110 may identify expectation(s) 114 and may communicate expectation(s) 114 to NLU module 108. NLU module 108 may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt of the automated dialog application (e.g., utterance(s) spoken by a user of computing device 100), and may populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with the natural language input (or a portion thereof). NLU module 108 may utilize data from the populated data field(s) of the structured natural language representation to generate input(s) 116 responsive to the application expectation(s) 114, which may be communicated to automated dialog application module 110, for example, by passing data stored in the data field(s) of the structured natural language representation to the supported automated dialog application associated with automated dialog application module 110 (e.g., via a return to a function call, method call, or the like). In some embodiments, automated dialog application module 110 may alter data structure(s) stored in associated database(s) 112 based on input(s) 116 (e.g., by performing table interaction(s) 118). Additionally or alternatively, NLU module 108 may alter data structure(s) stored in associated database(s) 112 to reflect data from the populated data field(s) of the structured natural language representation (e.g., in lieu of generating and/or communicating input(s) 116).

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a structured natural language representation in accordance with one or more example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 2, at step 202, a prompt associated with an automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may support an automated dialog application (e.g., a travel planning application), and automated dialog application module 110 may identify a prompt associated with the supported automated dialog application (e.g., “Where do you want to travel to?” or “When do you want to leave?”). At step 204, an application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may identify application expectation(s) 114 (e.g., DESTINATION or DEPARTURE_TIME) of the supported automated dialog application. Application expectation(s) 114 may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., a predefined structure comprising a representation of one or more natural language input responses that are anticipated to be received responsive to the prompt). For example, application expectation(s) 114 may comprise a structured natural language representation for one or more natural language inputs responsive to the identified prompt (e.g., DESTINATION{CITY, AIRPORT, LOCATION} or DEPARTURE_TIME {DAY, TIME}). In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise a scalar structured natural language representation. For example, the structured natural language representation for the natural language input may comprise one or more data fields configured for a text string and/or one or more data fields configured for a numerical value (e.g., an integer value, floating point value, or the like).

At step 206, natural language input (e.g., data representative of one or more utterances spoken by a user of computing device 100) may be received. For example, NLU module 108 may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., data representative of one or more spoken utterances comprising “New York City,” “Kennedy,” “Today,” “Tomorrow,” “Monday,” “May 10th,” “Ten,” “Ten o-clock at night,” “Noon,” or the like). At step 208, NLU module 108 may populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with at least a portion of the natural language input. For example, as indicated above, the structured natural language representation may comprise data field(s) configured for text string(s) and/or numerical value(s), and NLU module 108 may convert a portion of the natural language input (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “New York City,” “Kennedy,” “Today,” “Tomorrow,” “Monday,” “May 10th,” “Ten,” “Ten o-clock at night,” “Noon,” or the like) into input value(s) for the data field(s) (e.g., “New York City, N.Y.” “JFK,” “05-01-2014,” “05-02-2014,” “05-05-2014,” “05-10-2014,” “10:00,” “22:00,” “12:00,” or the like), and may populate the data field(s) with the input value(s). At step 210, NLU module 108 may respond to application expectation(s) 114 using the data field(s) of the structured natural language representation. For example, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) (e.g., “New York City, N.Y.” “JFK,” “05-01-2014,” “05-02-2014,” “05-05-2014,” “05-10-2014,” “10:00,” “22:00,” “12:00,” or the like) and generate input(s) 116, which may be communicated to automated dialog application module 110. Additionally or alternatively, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) (e.g., “New York City, N.Y.” “JFK,” “05-01-2014,” “05-02-2014,” “05-05-2014,” “05-10-2014,” “10:00,” “22:00,” “12:00,” or the like) and perform table interaction(s) 120 using (or based on) the information extracted from the data field(s).

FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a list structured natural language representation in accordance with one or more example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 3, at step 302, a prompt associated with an automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may support an automated dialog application (e.g., a movie database application), and automated dialog application module 110 may identify a prompt associated with the supported automated dialog application (e.g., “Who starred in the movie you are trying to identify?”). At step 304, an application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may identify application expectation(s) 114 (e.g., ACTORS) of the supported automated dialog application. Application expectation(s) 114 may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., a predefined structure comprising a representation of one or more natural language input responses that are anticipated to be received responsive to the prompt).

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation may comprise a list structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of structured natural language representations of a common type (e.g., ACTORS {ACTOR-1, ACTOR-2, . . . ACTOR-N}), each of which may comprise one or more data fields configured for a text string (e.g., FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, or the like) and/or one or more data fields configured for a numerical value (e.g., an integer value, floating point value, or the like). At step 306, natural language input (e.g., data representative of one or more utterances spoken by a user of computing device 100) may be received. For example, NLU module 108 may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., data representative of one or more spoken utterances comprising “Meryl,” “Streep,” “and,” “Tom,” “Hanks,” or the like). The natural language input may comprise one or more portions each of which correspond to the common type. For example, the natural language input may comprise a first portion (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “Meryl” and “Steep”) corresponding to the common type (e.g., ACTOR) and a second portion (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “Tom” and “Hanks”) corresponding to the common type (e.g., ACTOR).

At step 308, NLU module 108 may populate one or more data fields (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the first structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation with the first portion of the natural language input, for example, by converting the first portion of the natural language input (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “Meryl” and “Steep”) into input value(s) (e.g., “Meryl” and “Steep”) and populating the data field(s) (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the first structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation with the input value(s). At step 310, NLU module 108 may populate one or more data fields (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the second structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation with the second portion of the natural language input, for example, by converting the second portion of the natural language input (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “Tom” and “Hanks”) into input value(s) (e.g., “Tom” and “Hanks”) and populating the data field(s) (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the second structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation with the input value(s).

At step 312, NLU module 108 may respond to application expectation(s) 114 using the data field(s) of the list structured natural language representation. For example, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the first structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation (e.g., “Meryl” and/or “Steep”) and/or from the data field(s) of the second structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation (e.g., “Tom” and/or “Hanks”) and generate input(s) 116, which may be communicated to automated dialog application module 110. Additionally or alternatively, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the first structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation (e.g., “Meryl” and/or “Steep”) and/or from the data field(s) of the second structured natural language representation of the list structured natural language representation (e.g., “Tom” and/or “Hanks”) and perform table interaction(s) 120 using (or based on) the information extracted from the data field(s).

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a hierarchical structured natural language representation with a subtype attribute in accordance with one or more example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 4, at step 402, a prompt associated with an automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may support an automated dialog application (e.g., a movie database application), and automated dialog application module 110 may identify a prompt associated with the supported automated dialog application (e.g., “Who is your favorite movie star?”). At step 404, an application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may identify application expectation(s) 114 (e.g., ACTOR) of the supported automated dialog application. Application expectation(s) 114 may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., a predefined structure comprising a representation of one or more natural language input responses that are anticipated to be received responsive to the prompt).

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation may comprise a hierarchical structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of different structured natural language representations and one or more attributes that interrelate the plurality of different structured natural language representations. For example, the structured natural language representation may comprise a hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., ACTOR{is-A PERSON}) comprising a plurality of different structured natural language representations (e.g., ACTOR and PERSON) and one or more attributes (e.g., “is-A”) that indicates that a first of the structured natural language representations (e.g., ACTOR) is a subtype of a second of the structured natural language representations (e.g., PERSON). One or more of the structured natural language representations may comprise one or more data fields configured for a text string (e.g., FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, or the like) and/or one or more data fields configured for a numerical value (e.g., an integer value, floating point value, or the like). At step 406, natural language input (e.g., data representative of one or more utterances spoken by a user of computing device 100) may be received. For example, NLU module 108 may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., data representative of one or more spoken utterances comprising “Meryl Streep,” or the like). At step 408, NLU module 108 may identify (e.g., based on the hierarchical structured natural language representation) the subtype structured natural language representation (e.g., PERSON).

At step 410, NLU module 108 may populate one or more data fields (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the subtype structured natural language representation (e.g., PERSON) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., ACTOR {is-A PERSON}) with the natural language input (or a portion thereof), for example, by converting the natural language input (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “Meryl Streep”) into input value(s) (e.g., “Meryl” and “Streep”) and populating the data field(s) (e.g., FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME) of the subtype structured natural language representation (e.g., PERSON) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., ACTOR{is-A PERSON}) with the input value(s). At step 412, NLU module 108 may respond to application expectation(s) 114 using the data field(s) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., the populated data field(s) of the subtype structured natural language representation). For example, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the subtype structured natural language representation of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., “Meryl” and/or “Streep”) and generate input(s) 116, which may be communicated to automated dialog application module 110. Additionally or alternatively, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the subtype structured natural language representation of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., “Meryl” and/or “Streep”) and perform table interaction(s) 120 using (or based on) the information extracted from the data field(s).

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative method for responding to an application expectation of an automated dialog application using a hierarchical structured natural language representation with a constituent attribute in accordance with one or more example embodiments. Referring to FIG. 5, at step 502, a prompt associated with an automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may support an automated dialog application (e.g., a contact-management application), and automated dialog application module 110 may identify a prompt associated with the supported automated dialog application (e.g., “Who do you want to call?”). At step 504, an application expectation of the automated dialog application may be identified. For example, automated dialog application module 110 may identify application expectation(s) 114 (e.g., CONTACT) of the supported automated dialog application. Application expectation(s) 114 may comprise a structured natural language representation for a natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., a predefined structure comprising a representation of one or more natural language input responses that are anticipated to be received responsive to the prompt).

In some embodiments, the structured natural language representation may comprise a hierarchical structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of different structured natural language representations and one or more attributes that interrelate the plurality of different structured natural language representations. For example, the structured natural language representation may comprise a hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., CONTACT {has-A NAME, RELATION}) comprising a plurality of different structured natural language representations (e.g., CONTACT, NAME, and RELATION) and one or more attributes (e.g., “has-A”) that indicates that a first of the structured natural language representations (e.g., CONTACT) comprises one or more constituent structured natural language representations (e.g., NAME and RELATION). One or more of the structured natural language representations may comprise one or more data fields configured for a text string (e.g., FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, NICKNAME, RELATIONSHIP_TYPE, or the like) and/or one or more data fields configured for a numerical value (e.g., an integer value, floating point value, or the like). At step 506, natural language input (e.g., data representative of one or more utterances spoken by a user of computing device 100) may be received. For example, NLU module 108 may receive natural language input responsive to the prompt (e.g., data representative of one or more spoken utterances comprising “My brother,” or the like). At step 508, NLU module 108 may identify (e.g., based on the hierarchical structured natural language representation) the constituent structured natural language representation (e.g., RELATION).

At step 510, NLU module 108 may populate one or more data fields (e.g., RELATIONSHIP_TYPE) of the constituent structured natural language representation (e.g., RELATION) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., CONTACT) with the natural language input (or a portion thereof), for example, by converting the natural language input (e.g., the data representative of the one or more spoken utterances comprising “My brother”) into input value(s) (e.g., “Brother”) and populating the data field(s) (e.g., RELATIONSHIP_TYPE) of the constituent structured natural language representation (e.g., RELATION) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., CONTACT) with the input value(s). At step 512, NLU module 108 may respond to application expectation(s) 114 using the data field(s) of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., the populated data field(s) of the constituent structured natural language representation). For example, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the constituent structured natural language representation of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., “Brother”) and generate input(s) 116, which may be communicated to automated dialog application module 110. Additionally or alternatively, NLU module 108 may extract information from the data field(s) of the constituent structured natural language representation of the hierarchical structured natural language representation (e.g., “Brother”) and perform table interaction(s) 120 using (or based on) the information extracted from the data field(s).

One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-usable data or computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices to perform the operations described herein. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by one or more processors in a computer or other data processing device. The computer-executable instructions may be stored on a computer-readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid-state memory, RAM, and the like. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the functionality may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents, such as integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and the like. Particular data structures may be used to more effectively implement one or more aspects of the disclosure, and such data structures are contemplated to be within the scope of computer executable instructions and computer-usable data described herein.

Various aspects described herein may be embodied as a method, an apparatus, or as one or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions. Accordingly, those aspects may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, an entirely firmware embodiment, or an embodiment combining software, hardware, and firmware aspects in any combination. In addition, various signals representing data or events as described herein may be transferred between a source and a destination in the form of light or electromagnetic waves traveling through signal-conducting media such as metal wires, optical fibers, or wireless transmission media (e.g., air or space). In general, the one or more computer-readable media may comprise one or more non-transitory computer-readable media.

As described herein, the various methods and acts may be operative across one or more computing servers and one or more networks. The functionality may be distributed in any manner, or may be located in a single computing device (e.g., a server, a client computer, and the like).

Aspects of the disclosure have been described in terms of illustrative embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications, and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this disclosure. For example, one or more of the steps depicted in the illustrative figures may be performed in other than the recited order, and one or more depicted steps may be optional in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-assisted method, comprising: identifying, by at least one processor of a computing device, a prompt associated with an automated dialog application; identifying, by the at least one processor, an application expectation of the automated dialog application that comprises a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt; receiving natural language input uttered by a user responsive to the prompt; transforming, by the at least one processor, one or more portions of the natural language input to one or more values responsive to the application expectation; populating, by the at least one processor, one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with the one or more values responsive to the application expectation; and responding, by the at least one processor, to the application expectation using the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises a list structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of structured natural language representations of a common type, wherein the at least a portion of the natural language input comprises a first portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type and a second portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type, and wherein populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprises populating one or more fields of a first structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representations of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the first portion of natural language input, and populating one or more fields of a second structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representation of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the second portion of natural language input.
 2. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprise at least one data field configured for a text string, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and wherein the at least one data field configured for the text string is populated with the input text string.
 3. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprise at least one data field configured for a numerical value, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and wherein the at least one data field configured for the numerical value is populated with the input numerical value.
 4. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation are configured for a text string, wherein the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation are configured for a text string, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting the first portion of the natural language input to a first input text string and the second portion of the natural language input to a second input text string, and wherein at least one of the fields of the first structured natural language representation is populated with the first input text string and at least one of the fields of the second structured natural language representation is populated with the second input text string.
 5. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein the one or more fields of the first structured natural language representation are configured for a numerical value, wherein the one or more fields of the second structured natural language representation are configured for a numerical value, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting the first portion of the natural language input to a first input numerical value and converting the second portion of the natural language input to a second input numerical value, and wherein at least one of the fields of the first structured natural language representation is populated with the first input numerical value and at least one of the fields of the second structured natural language representation is populated with the second input numerical value.
 6. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises a hierarchical structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of different structured natural language representations and one or more attributes that interrelate the plurality of different structured natural language representations.
 7. The computer-assisted method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more attributes indicates that a first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is a subtype of a second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations.
 8. The computer-assisted method of claim 7, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations, and wherein populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprises populating one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations.
 9. The computer-assisted method of claim 8, wherein the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations are configured for a text string, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and wherein at least one of the data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is populated with the input text string.
 10. The computer-assisted method of claim 8, wherein the one or more data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations are configured for a numerical value, and wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and wherein at least one of the data fields of the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is populated with the input numerical value.
 11. The computer-assisted method of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more attributes indicates that a first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations comprises a second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations.
 12. The computer-assisted method of claim 11, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises the first of the plurality of different structured natural language representations, and wherein populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprises populating one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations.
 13. The computer-assisted method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations are configured for a text string, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input text string, and wherein at least one of the data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is populated with the input text string.
 14. The computer-assisted method of claim 12, wherein the one or more data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations are configured for a numerical value, wherein the transforming the one or more portions of the natural language input comprises converting at least one portion of the natural language input to an input numerical value, and wherein at least one of the data fields of the second of the plurality of different structured natural language representations is populated with the input numerical value.
 15. The computer-assisted method of claim 1, wherein responding to the application expectation comprises altering a database table utilized by the automated dialog application to reflect data stored in the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein transforming one or more portions of the natural language input to one or more values responsive to the application expectation comprises replacing a relative term in the natural language input representing an absolute value with the absolute value represented.
 17. An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions that when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus to: identify a prompt associated with an automated dialog application; identify an application expectation of the automated dialog application that comprises a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt; receive natural language input uttered by a user responsive to the prompt; transform one or more portions of the natural language input to one or more values responsive to the application expectation; populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with the one or more values responsive to the application expectation; and respond to the application expectation using the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises a list structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of structured natural language representations of a common type, wherein the at least a portion of the natural language input comprises a first portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type and a second portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type, and wherein populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprises populating one or more fields of a first structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representations of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the first portion of natural language input, and populating one or more fields of a second structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representation of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the second portion of natural language input.
 18. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to: identify a prompt associated with an automated dialog application; identify an application expectation of the automated dialog application that comprises a structured natural language representation for a natural language response to the prompt; receive natural language input uttered by a user responsive to the prompt; transform one or more portions of the natural language input to one or more values responsive to the application expectation; populate one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation with the one or more values responsive to the application expectation; and respond to the application expectation using the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation, wherein the structured natural language representation for the natural language input comprises a list structured natural language representation comprising a plurality of structured natural language representations of a common type, wherein the at least a portion of the natural language input comprises a first portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type and a second portion of natural language input corresponding to the common type, and wherein populating the one or more data fields of the structured natural language representation comprises populating one or more fields of a first structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representations of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the first portion of natural language input, and populating one or more fields of a second structured natural language representation of the plurality of structured natural language representation of the common type with one of the one or more values transformed from the second portion of natural language input. 